1 Staff, Eater. “TKO Closes Its Stall in East Atlanta’s Southern Feedstore.” Eater Atlanta, 3 Aug. 2021, https://atlanta.eater.com/2021/8/3/22607846/atlanta-restaurant-closings-closures.
2 Raymond, Elora Lee, Ben Miller, Michaela McKinney, and Jonathan Braun. “Gentrifying Atlanta: Investor purchases of rental housing, evictions, and the displacement of black residents.” Housing Policy Debate 31, no. 3-5 (2021): 818-834.
3 Richardson, Jason, Bruce Mitchell, and Juan Franco. “Shifting neighborhoods: Gentrification and cultural displacement in American cities.” (2019).
4 Hyra, Derek. “The back-to-the-city movement: Neighbourhood redevelopment and processes of political and cultural displacement.” Urban Studies 52, no. 10 (2015): 1753-1773.
5 Perry, A. M., Donoghoe, M., & Stephens, H. (2023). To increase Black well-being, look to an equitable share of Black-owned employer businesses, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/who-is-driving-black-business-growth-insights-from-the-latest-data-onblack-owned-businesses/
6 Perry, A. M., Donoghoe, M., & Stephens, H. (2023). To increase Black well-being, look to an equitable share of Black-owned employer businesses, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/who-is-driving-black-business-growth-insights-from-the-latest-data-onblack-owned-businesses/
7 Rupasingha, Anil. Locally owned: Do local business ownership and size matter for local economic wellbeing? No. 2013-01. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2013.
8 Schnake-Mahl, Alina, Jessica AR Williams, Barry Keppard, and Mariana Arcaya. “A public health perspective on small business development: a review of the literature.” Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2018): 387-411.
9 Anchored by a deep commitment to community based participatory research, AWBI completed this brief by conducting interviews with participants who play key roles in their communities as business owners, neighborhood residents, or both in the City of Atlanta. AWBI also analyzed data provided by Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. and Data Axle, Inc. to examine Black business trends at a neighborhood level. We use this approach because the U.S. Census surveys only report business demographics at the metro level, which limits the analysis of business dynamics on neighborhood well-being.
10 SBA’s Office of Advocacy. “Small Business Profiles for Major Metropolitan Areas,” July 11, 2023. https:// advocacy.sba.gov/2023/07/11/small-business-profiles-for-major-metropolitan-areas.
11 Camardelle, Alex, and Jarryd Bethea. “Building A Beloved Economy: A Baseline and Framework for Building Black Wealth in Atlanta.” Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Wealth Building Initiative, November 2023. https://buildblackwealth.into.
12 Headd, Brian. “The Small Business Facts: The Role of Microbusiness Employers in the Economy.” Small Business Administration, 2017; The standard definition of microbusiness is less than 9 employees; however, for the purpose of our analysis, we focus on those that employee as many as 20 employees given the frequency of those businesses in the dataset.
13 Atlanta Wealth Building Initiative analysis of data retrieved from Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
14 Camardelle, Alex, and Jarryd Bethea. “Building A Beloved Economy: A Baseline and Framework for Building Black Wealth in Atlanta.” Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Wealth Building Initiative, November 2023. https://buildblackwealth.info.
15 Fairlie, Robert W., Alicia Robb, and David T. Robinson. “Black and White: Access to Capital among Minority-Owned Startups.” Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w28154.
16 Ramanadhan, Shoba, Sabrina Werts, Collin Knight, Sara Kelly, Justin Morgan, Lauren Taylor, Sara Singer, Alan Geller, and Emma Louise Aveling. “The Role of Small, Locally Owned Businesses in Advancing Community Health and Health Equity: A Qualitative Exploration in a Historically Black Neighborhood in the USA.” Critical Public Health 33, no. 5 (October 20, 2023): 633-45.
17 Ruiz, Cristina, Estefanía Hernández-Fernaud, Gladys Rolo-González, and Bernardo Hernández. “Neighborhoods’ Evaluation: Influence on Well-Being Variables.” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019): Article 1736. Accessed July 4, 2024.
18 Shybalkina, luliia. “Place-Based Small Business Support and Its Implications for Neighborhood Revitalization.” Economic Development Quarterly 36, no. 4 (November 2022): 355-70.
19 Rupasingha, Anil. “Locally Owned: Do Local Business Ownership and Size Matter for Local Economic Well-Being?” FRB Atlanta Community and Economic Development Discussion Paper, FRB Atlanta Community and Economic Development Discussion Paper, 2013. https://ideas.repec.org//p/fip/fedacd/ 2013-01.html.
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21 Brookings. “To Increase Black Well-Being, Look to an Equitable Share of Black-Owned Employer Businesses.” Accessed May 29, 2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/to-increase-black-well-beinglook-to-an-equitable-share-of-black-owned-employer-businesses.
22 United Way of Greater Atlanta. Child Well-Being Index. Accessed 2024; Comprised of 16 metrics, the Index incorporates data from multiple sources including the Georgia Department of Education, Public Health Department, and U.S. Census. The Child Well-Being Index assesses various aspects of a child’s development, such as education, health, economic equity and stability, and family support.
23 Wiersch, Ann Marie, and Lucas Misera. “2022 Report on Firms Owned by People of Color Based on the Small Business Credit Survey.” Small Business Credit Survey Federal Reserve Banks, no. 20220629 (June 29, 2022). https://doi.org/10.55350/sbcs-20220629.
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25 Corcoran, Emily Wavering, Jordan Manes, Lucas Misera, and Ann Marie Wiersch. “2023 Report on Employer Firms: Findings from the 2022 Small Business Credit Survey.” Small Business Credit Survey Publications, no. 20220308 (March 8, 2022). https://doi.org/10.55350/sbcs-20230308.
26 Camardelle, Alex, and Jarryd Bethea. “Building A Beloved Economy: A Baseline and Framework for Building Black Wealth in Atlanta.” Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Wealth Building Initiative, November 2023. https://buildblackwealth.info.
27 Sherman, Fraser. “What Percentage of Rent Should You Pay According to Your Business’ Gross Income?” Chron, March 5, 2019. Accessed July 4, 2024. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/percentagerent-should-pay-according-business-gross-income-71111.html; This article states that while different industries have varying standards, retail operations typically aim for a rent-to-revenue ratio in the range of 5-10 percent.
28 “The State of Storefronts: Alarming Vacancy Rates and Rising Rents during the Pandemic.” Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development. Accessed July 4, 2024. https://anhd.org/report/statestorefronts-alarming-vacancy-rates-and-rising-rents-during-pandemic.
29 Rothwell, Jonathan, Tracy Hadden Loh, and Andre M. Perry. “The Devaluation of Assets in Black Neighborhoods: The Case of Commercial Property.” Brookings Institution, July 11, 2022. Accessed July 4, 2024. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods-the-case-ofcommercial-property.
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